Hawaii Crop Insurance Dashboard

NAP Recipients & Payments: 2010–2024

Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (FSA). Covers crops without federal crop insurance. Spikes = disaster years. Only 58 Oahu producers in 30-year program history.

Federal Safety Net Coverage Gap

Combining federal crop insurance and NAP, fewer than 5% of Hawaii farms have any federal risk management coverage.

3.8%

Federal crop insurance (252 policies) Uninsured (6,317 farms)

252

Federal crop insurance
policies (CY2025)

~50-85

NAP recipients
per year (2020–2024)

~95%

Farms with zero
federal coverage

Federal crop insurance
policy on Oahu (CY2025)

WFRP & Micro Farm Adoption: 2020–2026

The two plans designed for diversified small farms have near-zero adoption in Hawaii. WFRP has had exactly 1 policy per year from 2020–2025, zero in CY2026. Micro Farm has had zero policies in all years.

Island & Tropical Jurisdictions: Federal Crop Insurance Comparison

No US territory has any federal crop insurance (FCIC). Hawaii is the only island jurisdiction with coverage, yet ranks 46th of 50 states. Puerto Rico has more farms than Hawaii but zero policies.

Jurisdiction	Farms	FCIC Policies	Policies/Farm	Liabilities	NAP Recipients	NAP Payments
Hawaii	6,569	252	0.038	$222M	524	$32.8M
Puerto Rico	7,602	0	0.000	—	1,426	$17.5M
US Virgin Islands	619	0	0.000	—	—	—
Guam	583	0	0.000	—	—	—
American Samoa	7,157*	0	0.000	—	—	—

Farm counts: USDA NASS 2022 Census (HI, PR) / 2023 Census (USVI, Guam, AS). NAP: cumulative unique recipients 1995–2024 (EWG). * American Samoa includes 6,258 noncommercial/subsistence farms (avg 1.3 acres).

Insurance Plan Types Explained

APH — Actual Production History
Individual crop yield insurance. Pays when your yield falls below your historical average. In Hawaii: coffee, macadamia nuts, banana, papaya. Requires 4+ years of production records.

DO — Dollar Amount of Insurance
Covers nursery & greenhouse inventory at a fixed dollar value. No yield history needed—you insure the value of plants on hand. In Hawaii: nursery/floriculture operations only.

HIP-WI — Hurricane Insurance Protection – Wind Index
Add-on endorsement that pays based on measured wind speed in your area, not individual damage assessment. Covers trees and crops against hurricane/tropical storm wind. No claim filing needed—triggered automatically by wind data.

RI (PRF) — Rainfall Index / Pasture, Rangeland & Forage
New to Hawaii in 2025. Pays ranchers when rainfall in their area falls below a threshold, using weather station data. No individual loss assessment. Currently Big Island only, covering ~600K eligible acres.

TDO — Tree Dollar Amount of Insurance
Covers the value of the trees themselves (not the crop they produce). Pays when trees are damaged or destroyed. In Hawaii: macadamia trees, coffee trees, papaya trees, banana trees. The largest plan by liability in Hawaii.

WFRP — Whole-Farm Revenue Protection
Insures total farm revenue (all crops under one policy) rather than individual commodities. Designed for diversified farms. Requires 3–5 years of Schedule F tax history. Despite being the best fit for small diversified Hawaii farms—only 1 policy per year from 2020–2025, zero in CY2026.

Micro Farm — Micro Farm Insurance (subset of WFRP)
Simplified whole-farm policy for operations under $350K revenue. Covers all commodities under one policy using Schedule F tax records. Designed specifically for small, diversified, and direct-market farms. Allows stacking with NAP. Despite targeted RMA outreach in Hawaii starting 2023—zero policies in CY2026. Had exactly 1 policy in CY2025 statewide.

NAP — Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance
Not crop insurance—it’s post-disaster relief administered by FSA (not RMA). Covers crops that have no federal crop insurance available. In Hawaii, this is the only safety net for taro, vegetables, herbs, tropical fruits beyond banana/papaya, and most diversified crops. Requires signup before disaster.

Hawaii’s Top Commodities vs. Federal Crop Insurance Coverage

Sources: HDOA Top 15 Commodities (2023), USDA NASS, FCIC Summary of Business (2026). Only 5 of Hawaii’s top 15 commodities have any individual crop insurance availability.

#	Commodity	Value	Acreage	Insurance Status	Policies (2026)	Insured Acres	Penetration
1	Seed Crops	$115.3M	880	No coverage	—	—	—
2	Cattle & Calves	$74.5M	~1M*	PRF (new 2025)	21	217,800	~22%*
3	Coffee	$49.9M	7,000	APH + TDO + HIP	135	3,689	53%
4	Algae	$45.4M	—	No coverage	—	—	—
5	Basil	$39.1M	—	No coverage	—	—	—
6	Eggs	$32.5M	—	No coverage	—	—	—
7	Macadamia Nuts	$30.9M	16,000	APH + TDO + HIP	33	11,953	75%
8	Orchids	$13.4M	—	Nursery (DO) only	7	—	—
9	Lettuce (all)	$9.9M	360	No coverage	—	—	—
10	Foliage	$7.6M	—	Nursery (DO) only	included in nursery above
11	Papayas	$6.5M	650	APH + TDO + HIP	24	200	31%
12	Bananas	$6.7M	339	APH + TDO + HIP	5	100	29%
13	Cut/Lei Flowers	$6.0M	—	No coverage	—	—	—
14	Bedding Plants	$4.5M	—	Nursery (DO) only	included in nursery above
15	Flowering Plants	$4.0M	—	Nursery (DO) only	included in nursery above
Other notable crops:
	Vegetables (total)	$97.1M	5,850	No coverage	—	—	—
	Taro / Kalo	$3.4M	370	No coverage	—	—	—
	Sweet Potato	$4.3M	410	No coverage	—	—	—
	Avocado	$558K	680	No coverage	—	—	—

* Cattle acreage = total ranch/pastureland; PRF penetration based on ~1M eligible rangeland acres on Big Island

The gap in numbers: Of Hawaii’s $673M total agricultural output, approximately $311M (46%) comes from commodities with zero federal crop insurance availability. An additional $230M (34%) comes from commodities where coverage exists but penetration is low. Only macadamia nuts (75%) and coffee (53%) have meaningful coverage rates.

Year-over-Year Detail by Insurance Plan

Plan	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026	Notes
POLICIES SOLD
APH	107	118	120	126	115	104	89	Coffee, mac nut, banana, papaya
DO	11	12	10	7	7	12	6	Nursery
HIP-WI	6	24	30	33	34	37	32	Hurricane wind index
RI (PRF)	—	—	—	—	—	14	21	New! Big Island rangeland
TDO	61	85	85	103	96	84	77	Tree crops (mac, coffee, papaya)
WFRP	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	Micro Farm / whole-farm
Total	186	240	246	270	253	252	225
INDEMNITY PAID
APH	$2.15M	$1.68M	$3.77M	$5.65M	$4.34M	$1.41M	$196K
DO	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	Never paid out in HI
HIP-WI	$100K	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
RI (PRF)	—	—	—	—	—	$2.55M	$0	All 14 policyholders claimed in yr 1
TDO	$38K	$429K	$170K	$1.01M	$901K	$19K	$0
WFRP	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	—	Never paid out in HI
Total	$2.29M	$2.10M	$3.94M	$6.66M	$5.24M	$3.98M	$196K
LOSS RATIO (indemnity / premium)
APH	2.45	1.87	3.75	4.27	2.99	1.13	0.18
RI (PRF)	—	—	—	—	—	1.95	0.00
TDO	0.06	0.66	0.24	1.23	0.99	0.02	0.00
Overall	1.45	1.29	2.17	2.99	2.15	1.15	0.06

Commodity Detail: Coffee (2026)

APH policies	69
HIP-WI policies	15
TDO tree policies	50
Insured acres	3,689
Insured trees	4.2M
Total liability	$57.4M
Indemnity	$28,910

Commodity Detail: Mac Nut (2026)

APH policies	14
HIP-WI policies	5
TDO tree policies	14
Insured acres	11,953
Insured trees	379K
Total liability	$58.4M
Indemnity	$162,734

PRF Rangeland (New Program)

Year launched	2025
2025 policies	14
2026 policies	21 (+50%)
2025 indemnity	$2.55M
2025 loss ratio	1.95
Acres covered	217,800
Big Island only	Yes

Key Findings for Advocacy

The Coverage Gap

~97% of Hawaii farms have no federal crop insurance
Only 6 crops have individual policies: coffee, macadamia, banana, papaya, nursery, rangeland
Taro, avocado, mango, breadfruit, vegetables, herbs — zero coverage
Zero WFRP policies in 2026 (designed for diversified farms)
Zero Micro Farm policies in 2026 (designed for small farms)
Despite RMA's 2023 targeted Hawaii outreach & dedicated staffer

Bright Spots & Opportunities

PRF rangeland grew 50% in year 2 (14 → 21 policies)
All 14 first-year PRF policyholders filed claims — program works
Hawaii's 7-year avg loss ratio of 1.61 shows real need exists
APH loss ratios consistently >1.0 prove crop insurance pays when available
Agent incentive reform & Hawaii-specific actuarial development needed
Save Our Small Farms Act & WFRP Improvement Act pending in Congress

Data Sources

Data	Source	As Of
Federal crop insurance (policies, premium, indemnity, liabilities)	USDA RMA, FCIC Summary of Business — By State reports (CY2020–2026)	March 23, 2026
Crop insurance by commodity	USDA RMA — By State/Commodity reports (stcrop*.pdf)	March 23, 2026
County-level breakdown	USDA RMA Report Generator — By State/County (CY1989–2027)	April 28, 2026
NAP recipients & payments	EWG Farm Subsidy Database (farm.ewg.org), derived from FSA FOIA Payment Files	2024 (latest year)
Farm count (6,569)	USDA NASS 2022 Census of Agriculture — Hawaii	2022 Census
Top commodities & values	Hawaii Department of Agriculture — Top Commodities	2023
Territory farm counts	USDA NASS Census of Agriculture — PR (2022), USVI/Guam/AS (2023)	2022/2023
State penetration rates	USDA RMA CY2025 policies / NASS 2022 Census farm counts by state	March 23, 2026

Hawaii Federal Crop Insurance

~3% of Hawaii farms have any federal crop insurance

Hawaii vs. All 50 States: Crop Insurance Penetration Rate

Policies by County: 2020–2026

Policies Sold & Indemnity by Year

Total Liabilities & Premium Trend

Loss Ratio by Year

Indemnity by Insurance Plan (2025)

Policies by Commodity (CY2025)